So, Carolyn and I have had an ongoing discussion for years about ‘stuff.’ She generally argues against ‘stuff’ and I always argue for ‘stuff.’ We’re not too crazy or vehement in our ‘discussions’ but sometimes there’s something real at stake like whether or not I get to keep the pile of little bits of wood and metal that has been accumulating in the carport. Practically it’s about my shop, my studio, the carport and the things in them but philosophically and sociologically the issue is what role ‘stuff’ plays in our lives. I’ve got a book called The Meaning of Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self (1981) by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Eugene Halton which is all about domestic things we accumulate and why we do so. I’m not sure these guys have really captured the essence of the issue, but on the psychological level they do understand the fundamental role that things play in our lives. A cursory search of the Amazon website will bring up other sources too on things and their importance. It’s no mystery to me that there are television programs about ‘hoarders.’ It’s also no mystery to me that in listening to hoarders (who are most often described as mentally ill or close to it) the biggest reason they give for hoarding and being so reluctant to give up any of their shit is that they would be lost without it. They ARE their shit. All the meaning they have been able to squeeze out of life is tied up in their piles and heaps of junk. They would feel absolutely naked and vulnerable without being surrounded by their mountains of crap. How in the hell have we come to this as a species? Well, that’s not a mystery to me either. It’s built into our very culture, into ourselves. It hasn’t always been that way, but it sure is now. We need things, psychically and socially. ‘Our’ economies are built on things. We ‘bond’ around things and their production.
Our society (more global by the day) is based on the production (and control) of commodities and services. Commodities are things, but not just any things. Commodities are things that are produced specifically for sale on a market. Commodities are products, but not all products are commodities. To put it simply, If I go into my shop and build a table using my tools and my hands, then carry that table into the house and use it to sit at and eat my dinner, I have created a product, not a commodity, because my intention was to use the table, not to sell it. If I built the table with the express purpose of selling it, I would be producing a commodity. On a grander scale, when Ford Motor Company builds Ranger pickups or any of its many makes and models of automobiles, it aims to sell them on the market and thus, it is producing a commodity. Ford could not care less if the truck that just left the car lot in Delaware actually gets used or not as long as it gets sold. In fact, if someone in Wilmington, Delaware drives a pickup truck off of a dealer’s lot, gets a couple of blocks down the road and gets broadsided by a Volvo transport truck and gets totalled, Ford couldn’t be happier. It now, potentially, has another customer, if the driver of the pickup wasn’t killed in the collision with the Volvo he or she will be in the market for a new truck. Ford is not in the business of using its products but of selling them. The more trucks that get pounded into telephone poles the better. Ford is a commodity producer.
Ironically, so are you when you have a baby. The value we have as humans in our society is predominantly determined by the market, just as the value of Ford’s products is determined by the market. Families are little factories for the production of a commodity called labour-power. Ironically again, as parents, we cover all the costs of producing labour-power (potentially in our kids) but we don’t get to sell it when it’s ready to go to market. In our world, when the labour-power we work so hard to create gets old enough to sell, we don’t get to sell it. Our kids do, because now, magically, it belongs to them. It was different when families were production units. Then families could buy and sell the labour-power of their children. This is still the case in some parts of the world, but not here. Now, individuals are production units. (That’s why we have such a fixation on individualism and the ideology of ‘doing your own thing,’ but that’s a story for another day) When you enter the ‘labour market’ (more properly called the labour-power market) what are you really doing? What are you agreeing to in the contract you sign with your new employer? The answer is that you are selling something, of course. You are selling your time, your life, for a fixed amount of money, you are selling your ‘power‘ to work, your labour-power, your own personal commodity which you put up for sale. The amount of money you accept as payment for your life on the job is called the exchange-rate of your labour-power. What you actually do on the job is labour. What you sell when you contract with an employer is your labour-power.
Of course, as you might have guessed, there’s another side to this equation. If you sell your labour power, more or less successfully, on the labour market, you are selling it to someone or something. That something could be a number of things including a government, a police force, or a business, corporate or not. The point is that for there to be a seller of labour-power there has to be a buyer. Who has the most power in this equation? It depends on the market, but generally the buyer of labour-power has more power than the seller. That’s why sellers of labour-power have often tried to band together and form unions to give themselves a bit more power in the face of the overwhelming power of the buyers of the only thing they have to sell, and that’s their labour-power.
The point of all of this is to note that commodities are at the very core of our world. We are the embodiment of a commodity called labour-power, but ‘things’ are at the very core of our world, material things. They make our world go round. That’s why economists are so fixated on ‘consumer confidence’ and their insistence that the economy must grow and the only way for it to do that is for people to buy things. And more things. They get very fidgety when we stop buying things. They also get fidgety when we borrow too much money to buy things, but that’s another story. They love it when we borrow just the right amount of money. Economists seem to thrive of contradiction.
So do we. We love things but in some ways they trap us in a cycle of dependency. We need them to give us self-esteem as much as an addict needs drugs. Because our world runs on commodities and we’ve granted them virtual sacred status, we feel the best when we go out shopping, when we have the money (or borrowing power) to buy shit. Our personal value derives from how much stuff we have or how much money we have in reserve to buy stuff, including vacations in exotic places. We feel saddest when we’re broke, when we have no money to buy anything. We then feel immobilized. We are immobilized. And, of course, the most extreme form of immobility is death. So poverty equals death. It’s no coincidence that in the current spate of zombie movies, most zombies resemble street people caricatures.
The anxiety we feel about having things and enough real or potential wealth to “feel good about ourselves” as heroic members of our society is best exemplified in a song by Janis Joplin from the 60s:
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ?
My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends.
Worked hard all my lifetime, no help from my friends,
So Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ?
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a color TV ?
Dialing For Dollars is trying to find me.
I wait for delivery each day until three,
So oh Lord, won't you buy me a color TV ?
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a night on the town ?
I'm counting on you, Lord, please don't let me down.
Prove that you love me and buy the next round,
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a night on the town ?
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ?
My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends,
Worked hard all my lifetime, no help from my friends,
So oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ?
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/janisjoplin/mercedesbenz.html
Janis is right on. We need things, even a night on the town, to make us feel good and to make us feel a part of society, to give us a sense that we are contributing members of something big, much bigger than us: our country, our economy. We feel stronger, more righteous, bigger, every time we see a panhandler or someone sleeping on a park bench wrapped in newspaper. Money equal life, the lack of it equals death. If we don’t have money we like to pretend that we do. We never want people to know if we’re poor. If they find out, we may be shunned like street people. As an aside, Janis probably hadn’t read Emile Durkheim’s book The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life written in the early 20th century when she wrote her song in the 60s, but Durkheim argued that gods are personifications of society itself. She probably didn’t realize that when she was asking the Lord for all these wonderful things, she was actually pleading with her society itself (America) to come across. Then again, maybe she did.
Well, all this is fine and dandy. We are a commodity-based world, obsessed with things. Our societies depend on markets for prosperity. No surprise then that we like to hoard things. Psychologically, things provide us with insulation (or the illusion of it) against poverty and death. No wonder people like Donald Trump surround themselves with such big things! Maybe they have BIG insulation too! Probably not so much. There’s no escaping death, right Steve? But there’s another dimension to all of this too.
As Csikszentmihalyi and Halton point out in The Meaning of Things, things can also be traps to some extent. They create their own form of immobility as can easily seen by peaking through the front door of a hoarder’s house. Donald Trump has many people that depend on him. That’s a huge responsibility. He can’t just do as he pleases without compromising himself and countless other people. When we divest ourselves of our ‘baggage’ of material things, and release ourselves from the need to show others what we have as a necessary condition for our self-esteem, we may have more possibility for spontaneous individual action. We sure as hell have more space to move around. We may be able to ‘dance’ a little more to the tune of our own drum without banging into a random piece of extraneous furniture. But I still like my pile of wood and metal, and my shop full of tools and stuff. Yes, it’s a bit of an anchor sometimes but I like to make stuff just for the sake of making stuff, and my little piles of crap here and there in the yard are sometimes little treasure troves of raw material for making new stuff. So, stuff is good, but I’ve learned that compromise works best for social relations and that sometimes, throwing a little shit away goes a long way to making relationships go more smoothly. And I get to keep a fair bit of shit, really. It’s all good.
Saturday, December 31, 2011
Wednesday, December 28, 2011
The importance of social intimacy for individual growth.
In my last post I wrote something to the effect that our lives are like dances between self-aggrandizement and self-effacement, between self-expressive individuality and the need to pay homage to our collectivities, those groups and associations upon which we completely depend for life and prosperity.
All of us are caught in a tango of cognitive dissonance. On the one hand we need to express ourselves as individuals while not turning our noses up at our collectivities (societies, nations, families, workplaces, etc.). We ignore our collectivities at our own peril. It's built into our genes. There is research that demonstrates clearly the importance social connection is to us. In 1945 Rene Spitz conducted research comparing children raised in orphanages and those raised with their mothers in prison. After four years, a quarter of the orphanage children were dead, the others seriously socially impaired. By contrast, those children raised by their mothers in prison were fine. The difference between the two groups of children was the amount of daily physical and emotional contact they experienced. Children in prison had lots of physical and emotional contact, those in orphanages very little sporadic attention. The sparse research done on feral children supports the idea that without human intimate contact we do not fully develop as humans. Our very intelligence (IQ) is dependent on social contact. A longitudinal study conducted by Skeels and Dye (in Roberta Berns, 2009; Shackne: http://www.schackne.com/Nurture.htm) starting in the 1930s and concluding in 1966 found that two children removed from an orphanage as hopelessly retarded and were moved to an adult facility that cared for retarded adults substantially improved within a few months and displayed increased sociability and intelligence. They subsequently moved 13 children to the adult facility and all of them improved dramatically. In a follow up study done 25 years later, "they found that all of these "hopelessly retarded" children had grown up to live normal and productive lives. Some even made it to college and became professionals." (Shackne) In contrast, the control group of children left in the orphanage for 'retarded' children experienced no such improvement. More recently a study found the same kind of results with Romanian children confined to orphanages and moved to foster homes.(http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2006/feb/18/medicineandhealth.lifeandhealth/print)
So we are by definition social animals, so much so that in the absence of social contact we die or are severely cognitively and physically impaired, sometimes permanently. We are beholden to our societies for all that we are. As Ernest Becker points out repeatedly in his books The Denial of Death and Escape from Evil, our societies are the source of all power. It behooves us to keep a watchful eye out to make sure we don't get irretrievably cut off from this source of power by exhibiting too much individuality. The glue that holds us together in societies is tested every day in every aspect of our lives. Shame, guilt, embarrassment and opprobrium are institutions that maintain strong social ties as much as love does. And we dance. We try a little self-expression and see how that goes. We try a little more and see how that goes. We test the limits of individual possibility. We retreat. We get up on the dance floor but soon sit down if we notice people noticing us too much. Our language is replete with mechanisms for enforcing and re-enforcing social ties and for allowing the expression of individuality without compromising our social connections. But more on that later.
All of us are caught in a tango of cognitive dissonance. On the one hand we need to express ourselves as individuals while not turning our noses up at our collectivities (societies, nations, families, workplaces, etc.). We ignore our collectivities at our own peril. It's built into our genes. There is research that demonstrates clearly the importance social connection is to us. In 1945 Rene Spitz conducted research comparing children raised in orphanages and those raised with their mothers in prison. After four years, a quarter of the orphanage children were dead, the others seriously socially impaired. By contrast, those children raised by their mothers in prison were fine. The difference between the two groups of children was the amount of daily physical and emotional contact they experienced. Children in prison had lots of physical and emotional contact, those in orphanages very little sporadic attention. The sparse research done on feral children supports the idea that without human intimate contact we do not fully develop as humans. Our very intelligence (IQ) is dependent on social contact. A longitudinal study conducted by Skeels and Dye (in Roberta Berns, 2009; Shackne: http://www.schackne.com/Nurture.htm) starting in the 1930s and concluding in 1966 found that two children removed from an orphanage as hopelessly retarded and were moved to an adult facility that cared for retarded adults substantially improved within a few months and displayed increased sociability and intelligence. They subsequently moved 13 children to the adult facility and all of them improved dramatically. In a follow up study done 25 years later, "they found that all of these "hopelessly retarded" children had grown up to live normal and productive lives. Some even made it to college and became professionals." (Shackne) In contrast, the control group of children left in the orphanage for 'retarded' children experienced no such improvement. More recently a study found the same kind of results with Romanian children confined to orphanages and moved to foster homes.(http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2006/feb/18/medicineandhealth.lifeandhealth/print)
So we are by definition social animals, so much so that in the absence of social contact we die or are severely cognitively and physically impaired, sometimes permanently. We are beholden to our societies for all that we are. As Ernest Becker points out repeatedly in his books The Denial of Death and Escape from Evil, our societies are the source of all power. It behooves us to keep a watchful eye out to make sure we don't get irretrievably cut off from this source of power by exhibiting too much individuality. The glue that holds us together in societies is tested every day in every aspect of our lives. Shame, guilt, embarrassment and opprobrium are institutions that maintain strong social ties as much as love does. And we dance. We try a little self-expression and see how that goes. We try a little more and see how that goes. We test the limits of individual possibility. We retreat. We get up on the dance floor but soon sit down if we notice people noticing us too much. Our language is replete with mechanisms for enforcing and re-enforcing social ties and for allowing the expression of individuality without compromising our social connections. But more on that later.
Sunday, December 25, 2011
Love
David K. Reynolds in Playing Ball on Running Water describes love this way: "To love is to lose ourselves in another. It is to give up ourselves for another, to abandon our former dreams as a sacrifice for another, to merge with that loved element of our environment. In other words, genuine love causes us to become part of our surroundings." Reynold, a Moritist practitioner, wrote these words in 1984 (p.49). True enough, I suppose. Love, from this point of view, says nothing about the 'quality' of the love object. I can say that Hitler loved to murder Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals and the physically and mentally ill because he loved the Aryan race even more, or so he said. The love of God by Christians is a complete denial of individuality and self-esteem. It is the subsumption of the individual in the collective (God). It is complete self-effacement. But of course this is impossible because even love requires some sense of self-worth; otherwise what value would one be to the collective? How is a useless thing of value to God? So a sense of self-worth is essential before it can be partially given up. We dance between self-aggrandizement and self-effacement, between individuality and collectivity.
Thursday, March 05, 2009
Love and Sex
Just a note. Getting material together to teach the Sociology of Love and Sex this Spring term. Connecting love and sex is not terribly difficult although a common assumption is that they are always and intimately connected, I don't make that assumption. Love relates to affinity and connectivity so that we can talk about the love of country, the love of scotch, golf, family, children, etc... There is no implication of sex in the definition of love. Love doesn't have to refer to romantic love but when it does it often involves sex too. Sex is an immortality project so that we 'connect' with our ancestors and our progeny. We are part of a long continuum of existence on this planet and beyond. Truth is we often have sex with people we don't care about at all, and sometimes, with other species. So love and sex are not intrinsically connected. When men rape, they don't love the person they are raping.
Monday, February 25, 2008
Coming alive again!
Dormancy is a good thing as long as it doesn't go on forever, otherwise we call it something else. This blog has been dormant long enough now, time to blow some life into it.
On March 13th and 14th North Island College and the University of Victoria will be venues for showings of Flight From Death: The Quest for Immortality. The producers, Patrick Shen and Greg Bennick will be in attendance to take questions after the film has shown. This is the press release that will be going out soon to the local media.
North Island College Media Release
February 21, 2008
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
MR08-007
NIC Presents Flight from Death
North Island College’s Humanities and Social Science’s Department is pleased to present the documentary film Flight from Death: The Quest for Immortality on Thursday, March 13th at 7:00 pm in the Stan Hagan Theatre at North Island College’s Comox Valley Campus. Narrated by Gabriel Byrne, this seven-time Best Documentary award-winning film is the most comprehensive and mind-blowing investigation of humankind’s relationship with death ever captured on film.
If you see it alone, you’ll be thinking about it for days. If you see it with a friend, you’ll be talking about it for weeks.
- Greg Krochak, Leader Post
Based largely on the work of Dr. Ernest Becker and his Pulitzer Prize-winning book Denial of Death as well as his last book Escape from Evil, this film explores some of the most fundamental questions related to our existence on this planet. What is the meaning of life if we just up and die like any other animal? Are we really immortal like countless religions promise…but only if we follow their prescription to get there? How does our deep-seated fear of death and disease drive us to violence against those we perceive as a threat to our prosperity and immortality? Why is it that we consider anything to do with ‘pleasures of the flesh’ as evil? Why do we fight or go to war?
Flight from Death’s producers, Patrick Shen and Greg Bennick, will be on hand to present their film and lead a question and answer session afterwards. Shen’s credits include We Served with Pride, the story of Chinese Americans who served in WWII, and Men Without a Country. Bennick is the co-founder of The World Leaders Project, a multi-year initiative to discuss issues related to the psychology of human violence face-to-face with world leaders.
Don’t miss this life-altering film and an evening of exploration of death and its meaning in our lives. Old or young, believer or non-believer, this is a film you will not want to miss.
For further information and to reserve your seat, please contact Roger Albert at (250) 334-5030. Be sure to visit the Flight from Death website at: http://www.flightfromdeath.com
This is the first of a number of initiatives we plan on undertaking in the next few months. Stay tuned!
On March 13th and 14th North Island College and the University of Victoria will be venues for showings of Flight From Death: The Quest for Immortality. The producers, Patrick Shen and Greg Bennick will be in attendance to take questions after the film has shown. This is the press release that will be going out soon to the local media.
North Island College Media Release
February 21, 2008
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
MR08-007
NIC Presents Flight from Death
North Island College’s Humanities and Social Science’s Department is pleased to present the documentary film Flight from Death: The Quest for Immortality on Thursday, March 13th at 7:00 pm in the Stan Hagan Theatre at North Island College’s Comox Valley Campus. Narrated by Gabriel Byrne, this seven-time Best Documentary award-winning film is the most comprehensive and mind-blowing investigation of humankind’s relationship with death ever captured on film.
If you see it alone, you’ll be thinking about it for days. If you see it with a friend, you’ll be talking about it for weeks.
- Greg Krochak, Leader Post
Based largely on the work of Dr. Ernest Becker and his Pulitzer Prize-winning book Denial of Death as well as his last book Escape from Evil, this film explores some of the most fundamental questions related to our existence on this planet. What is the meaning of life if we just up and die like any other animal? Are we really immortal like countless religions promise…but only if we follow their prescription to get there? How does our deep-seated fear of death and disease drive us to violence against those we perceive as a threat to our prosperity and immortality? Why is it that we consider anything to do with ‘pleasures of the flesh’ as evil? Why do we fight or go to war?
Flight from Death’s producers, Patrick Shen and Greg Bennick, will be on hand to present their film and lead a question and answer session afterwards. Shen’s credits include We Served with Pride, the story of Chinese Americans who served in WWII, and Men Without a Country. Bennick is the co-founder of The World Leaders Project, a multi-year initiative to discuss issues related to the psychology of human violence face-to-face with world leaders.
Don’t miss this life-altering film and an evening of exploration of death and its meaning in our lives. Old or young, believer or non-believer, this is a film you will not want to miss.
For further information and to reserve your seat, please contact Roger Albert at (250) 334-5030. Be sure to visit the Flight from Death website at: http://www.flightfromdeath.com
This is the first of a number of initiatives we plan on undertaking in the next few months. Stay tuned!
Tuesday, August 28, 2007
Narcissism
In our discussion this evening we danced around the subject of alcohol and drug consumption. We also discussed schizophrenia. The gist of the discussion revolved around the thought that alcohol consumption decreases guilt caused by unattended obligations while attention is paid to narcissistic pleasure without guilt. Schizophrenia is withdrawal from narcissism as one flounders in a sea of contradictory obligations and loyalties. It's a middle space between narcissism and obligation with no venturing into either of them for any length of time. A schizophrenic is lost between narcissistic impossibility and the tyranny of obligation.
Wednesday, January 17, 2007
This blog is dedicated to exploring and debating the ideas of Ernest Becker and Otto Rank. If you are not familiar with these scholars and others interested in the same kinds of ideas, you can check out a couple of websites to which you will find links in the sidebar below.
As a brief sampler of what you can expect: Becker (who died in 1974), following Rank and others, notes the role of what he calls immortality-ideologies in history as they trigger violence and barbarism in their efforts to purge the world of the 'evil' of rival immortality-ideologies. He writes that societies are "hero systems for the denial of death" by which we are promised eternal life in exchange for 'giving' ourselves fully and heroically to the immortality project. Just as radical Muslim suicide bombers give up their lives to help rid the world of the evil that George Bush and America represent to them, Bush and his cohorts are bent on securing Middle East oil, the necessary lubricant to ensure the continuation of the 'good life' in the West.
As a brief sampler of what you can expect: Becker (who died in 1974), following Rank and others, notes the role of what he calls immortality-ideologies in history as they trigger violence and barbarism in their efforts to purge the world of the 'evil' of rival immortality-ideologies. He writes that societies are "hero systems for the denial of death" by which we are promised eternal life in exchange for 'giving' ourselves fully and heroically to the immortality project. Just as radical Muslim suicide bombers give up their lives to help rid the world of the evil that George Bush and America represent to them, Bush and his cohorts are bent on securing Middle East oil, the necessary lubricant to ensure the continuation of the 'good life' in the West.
Saturday, September 23, 2006
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